K-7 Standard P.PM: Develop an understanding that all matter has observable attributes with physical and chemical properties that are described, measured, and compared Understand that states of matter exist as solid, liquid, or gas; and have physical and chemical properties. Understand all matter is composed of combinations of elements, which are organized by common attributes and characteristics on the Periodic Table. Understand that substances can be classified as mixtures or compounds and according to their physical and chemical properties. P.PM.E.1 Physical Properties- All objects and substances have physical properties that can be measured. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.PM.02.12 Describe objects and substances according to their properties (color, size, shape, texture, hardness, liquid or solid, sinking or floating).   Observation Physical properties Float Sink Color Property   P.PM.02.13 Measure the length of objects using rulers (centimeters) and meter sticks (meters).   Observation Physical properties Meter Centimeter   P.PM.02.14 Measure the volume of liquids using common measuring tools (measuring cups, measuring spoons).   Observation Liquid Physical properties Volume   P.PM.02.15 Compare the weight of objects using balances.   Observation Physical properties Compare Balance Mass   P.PM.E.4 Material Composition- Some objects are composed of a single substance, while other objects are composed of more than one substance. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.PM.02.41 Classify objects as single substances (ice, silver, sugar, salt) or mixtures (salt and pepper, mixed dry beans).   Property Combining Mixture Materials Observation Classify Characteristic

	K-7 Standard P.FM: Develop an understanding that the position and/or motion of an object is relative to a point of reference. Understand forces affect the motion and speed of an object and that the net force on an object is the total of all of the forces acting on it. Understand the Earth pulls down on objects with a force called gravity. Develop an understanding that some forces are in direct contact with objects, while other forces are not in direct contact with objects. P.FM.E.2 Gravity- Earth pulls down on all objects with a force called gravity. With very few exceptions, objects fall to the ground no matter where the object is on the Earth. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.FM.03.22 Identify the force that pulls objects towards the Earth.   Gravity Force Pull   P.FM.E.3 Force- A force is either a push or a pull. The motion of objects can be changed by forces. The size of the change is related to the size of the force. The change is also related to the weight (mass) of the object on which the force is being exerted. When an object does not move in response to a force, it is because another force is being applied by the environment. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.FM.03.35 Describe how a push or a pull is a force.   Force Push Pull Balance Unbalanced force   P.FM.03.36 Relate a change in motion of an object to the force that caused the change of motion.   Force Unbalanced force Motion   P.FM.03.37 Demonstrate how the change in motion of an object is related to the strength of the force acting upon the object and to the mass of the object.   Force Mass Balance Unbalanced force Speed Motion   P.FM.03.38 Demonstrate when an object does not move in response to a force, it is because another force is acting on it.   Force Mass Push Pull Balance   P.FM.E.4 Speed- An object is in motion when its position is changing. The speed of an object is defined by how far it travels divided by the amount of time it took to travel that far. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.FM.03.41 Compare and contrast the motion of objects in terms of direction.   Observation Compare Force Mass Motion Direction   P.FM.03.42 Identify changes in motion (change direction, speeding up, slowing down).   Observation Compare Force Mass Motion Direction Distance Speed   P.FM.03.43 Calculate the speed of an object based on the distance it travels divided by the amount of time it took to travel that distance.   Observation Compare Motion Speed Distance Time

	K-7 Standard P.EN: Develop an understanding that there are many forms of energy (such as heat, light, sound, and electrical) and that energy is transferable by convection, conduction, or radiation. Understand energy can be in motion, called kinetic; or it can be stored, called potential. Develop an understanding that as temperature increases, more energy is added to a system. Understand nuclear reactions in the sun produce light and heat for the Earth. P.EN.E.1 Forms of Energy- Heat, electricity, light, and sound are forms of energy. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.EN.03.11 Identify light and sound as forms of energy.   Light Sound Wave Energy   P.EN.E.2 Light Properties- Light travels in straight lines. Shadows result from light not being able to pass through an object. When light travels at an angle from one substance to another (air and water), it changes direction. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.EN.03.21 Demonstrate that light travels in a straight line and that shadows are made by placing an object in a path of light.   Light Characteristic Shadow   P.EN.03.22 Demonstrate what happens to light when it travels from water to air. (straw half in water looks bent).   Light Wavelength Characteristic Investigation Compare Observation   P.EN.E.3 Sound- Vibrating objects produce sound. The pitch of sound varies by changing the rate of vibration. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.EN.03.31 Relate sounds to their sources of vibrations (for example: a musical note produced by a vibrating guitar string, the sounds of a drum made by the vibrating drum head).   Sound Wave Vibration Wavelength   P.EN.03.32 Distinguish the effect of fast or slow vibrations as pitch.   Sound Wavelength Vibration Observation Compare

	K-7 Standard P.PM: Develop an understanding that all matter has observable attributes with physical and chemical properties that are described, measured, and compared. Understand that states of matter exist as solid, liquid, or gas; and have physical and chemical properties. Understand all matter is composed of combinations of elements, which are organized by common attributes and characteristics on the Periodic Table. Understand that substances can be classified as mixtures or compounds and according to their physical and chemical properties. P.PM.E.5 Conductive and Reflective Properties- Objects vary to the extent they absorb and reflect light energy and conduct heat and electricity. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.PM.03.51 Demonstrate how some materials are heated more than others by light that shines on them.   Physical properties Energy Matter Heat   P.PM.03.52 Explain how we need light to see objects: light from a source reflects off objects and enters our eyes.   Light Wavelength Characteristic Reflection Evidence Communicating Reasoning

	K-7 Standard P.EN: Develop an understanding that there are many forms of energy (such as heat, light, sound, and electrical) and that energy is transferable by convection, conduction, or radiation. Understand energy can be in motion, called kinetic; or it can be stored, called potential. Develop an understanding that as temperature increases, more energy is added to a system. Understand nuclear reactions in the sun produce light and heat for the Earth. P.EN.E.1 Forms of Energy- Heat, electricity, light, and sound are forms of energy. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.EN.04.12 Identify heat and electricity as forms of energy.   Energy Heat Electricity Observation Evidence   P.EN.E.4 Energy and Temperature- Increasing the temperature of any substance requires the addition of energy. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.EN.04.41 Demonstrate how temperature can be increased in a substance by adding energy.   Energy Heat Observation Temperature Thermometer Substance   P.EN.04.42 Describe heat as the energy produced when substances burn, certain kinds of materials rub against each other, and when electricity flows through wire.   Energy Heat Friction Observation Conversion Electricity Electric current   P.EN.04.43 Describe how heat is produced through electricity, rubbing, and burning.   Energy Heat Observation Conversion Electricity Friction Electric current   P.EN.E.5 Electrical Circuits- Electrical circuits transfer electrical energy and produce magnetic fields. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.EN.04.51 Explain how electrical energy is transferred and changed through the use of a simple circuit.   Electricity Circuit Closed circuit Energy Battery Wire Energy transfer   P.EN.04.52 Create a simple working electromagnet and explain the conditions necessary to make the electromagnet.   Electricity Magnetic Energy Circuit Observation Investigation Technology Electric Current Wire Compass Magnet

	K-7 Standard P.PM: Develop an understanding that all matter has observable attributes with physical and chemical properties that are described, measured, and compared. Understand that states of matter exist as solid, liquid, or gas; and have physical and chemical properties. Understand all matter is composed of combinations of elements, which are organized by common attributes and characteristics on the Periodic Table. Understand that substances can be classified as mixtures or compounds and according to their physical and chemical properties. P.PM.E.1 Physical Properties- All objects and substances have physical properties that can be measured. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.PM.04.16 Measure the weight (spring scale) and mass (balances in grams or kilograms) of objects.   Observation Mass Tool Gram Weight Balance   P.PM.04.17 Measure volumes of liquids and capacities of containers in milliliters and liters.   Observation Volume Liquid   P.PM.04.18 Demonstrate the use of centimeter cubes poured into a container to estimate the container's capacity.   Observation Investigation Technology Centimeter Estimate   P.PM.E.2 States of Matter- Matter exists in several different states: solids, liquids, and gases. Each state of matter has unique physical properties. Gases are easily compressed, but liquids and solids do not compress easily. Solids have their own particular shapes, but liquids and gases take the shape of the container. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.PM.04.23 Compare and contrast the states (solids, liquids, gases) of matter.   Characteristic Compare Matter Solid Liquid Gas   P.PM.E.3 Magnets- Magnets can repel or attract other magnets. Magnets can also attract certain non-magnetic objects at a distance. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.PM.04.33 Demonstrate magnetic field by observing the patterns formed with iron filings using a variety of magnets.   Attract Repel Observation Magnetic Magnetism Characteristic Force   P.PM.04.34 Demonstrate that non-magnetic objects are affected by the strength of the magnet and the distance away from the magnet.   Observation Magnetism Force Distance Physical properties   P.PM.E.5 Conductive and Reflective Properties- Objects vary to the extent they absorb and reflect light energy and conduct heat and electricity. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.PM.04.53 Identify objects that are good conductors or poor conductors of heat and electricity.   Physical properties Energy Heat Electricity Conductor Insulators

	K-7 Standard P.CM: Develop an understanding of changes in the state of matter in terms of heating and cooling, and in terms of arrangement and relative motion of atoms and molecules. Understand the differences between physical and chemical changes. Develop an understanding of the conservation of mass. Develop an understanding of products and reactants in a chemical change. P.CM.E.1 Changes in State- Matter can be changed from one state (liquid, solid, gas) to another and then back again. This may be caused by heating and cooling. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.CM.04.11 Explain how matter can change from one state (liquid, solid, gas) to another by heating and cooling.   Physical properties Energy Solid Liquid Gas Conductor Observation Melting point Freezing point Boiling point Matter States (Phases)

	K-7 Standard P.FM: Develop an understanding that the position and/or motion of an object is relative to a point of reference. Understand forces affect the motion and speed of an object and that the net force on an object is the total of all of the forces acting on it. Understand the Earth pulls down on objects with a force called gravity. Develop an understanding that some forces are in direct contact with objects, while other forces are not in direct contact with objects. P.FM.M.2 Force Interactions- Some forces between objects act when the objects are in direct contact (touching), such as friction and air resistance, or when they are not in direct contact (not touching), such as magnetic force, electrical force, and gravitational force. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.FM.05.21 Distinguish between contact forces and non-contact forces.   Force Motion Observation Investigation Compare   P.FM.05.22 Demonstrate contact and non-contact forces to change the motion of an object.   Force Motion Observation Investigation Communicating   P.FM.M.3 Force- Forces have a magnitude and direction. Forces can be added. The net force on an object is the sum of all of the forces acting on the object. The speed and/or direction of motion of an object changes when a non-zero net force is applied to it. A balanced force on an object does not change the motion of the object (the object either remains at rest or continues to move at a constant speed in a straight line). Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.FM.05.31 Describe what happens when two forces act on an object in the same or opposing directions.   Motion Unbalanced force Push Pull Communicating   P.FM.05.32 Describe how constant motion is the result of balanced (zero net) forces.   Motion Push Pull Communicating   P.FM.05.33 Describe how changes in the motion of objects are caused by a non-zero net (unbalanced) force.   Force Motion Unbalanced force Push Pull Direction Speed Distance Communicating   P.FM.05.34 Relate the size of change in motion to the strength of unbalanced forces and the mass of the object.   Force Motion Push Pull Unbalanced force Mass Speed Direction Distance Analyze Results   P.FM.M.4 Speed- Motion can be described by a change in position relative to a point of reference. The motion of an object can be described by its speed and the direction it is moving. The position and speed of an object can be measured and graphed as a function of time. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.FM.05.41 Explain the motion of an object relative to its point of reference.   Force Motion Speed Direction Distance Analyze Communicating   P.FM.05.42 Describe the motion of an object in terms of distance, time and direction, as the object moves, and in relationship to other objects.   Force Motion Speed Direction Distance Compare Analyze Evaluate Communicating Time   P.FM.05.43 Illustrate how motion can be measured and represented on a graph.   Force Motion Evaluate Analyze Graph Model Communicating

	K-7 Standard P.EN: Develop an understanding that there are many forms of energy (such as heat, light, sound, and electrical) and that energy is transferable by convection, conduction, or radiation. Understand energy can be in motion, called kinetic; or it can be stored, called potential. Develop an understanding that as temperature increases, more energy is added to a system. Understand nuclear reactions in the sun produce light and heat for the Earth. P.EN.M.1 Kinetic and Potential Energy- Objects and substances in motion have kinetic energy. Objects and substances may have potential energy due to their relative positions in a system. Gravitational, elastic, and chemical energy are all forms of potential energy. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.EN.06.11 Identify kinetic or potential energy in everyday situations (for example: stretched rubber band, objects in motion, ball on a hill, food energy).   Observe Evaluate Energy Force Motion Potential Energy Kinetic energy   P.EN.06.12 Demonstrate the transformation between potential and kinetic energy in simple mechanical systems (for example: roller coasters, pendulums).   Evaluate Energy Force Motion Communicating Potential Energy Pendulum Kinetic energy   P.EN.M.4 Energy Transfer- Energy is transferred from a source to a receiver by radiation, conduction, and convection. When energy is transferred from a source to a receiver, the quantity of energy before the transfer is equal to the quantity of energy after the transfer. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.EN.06.41 Explain how different forms of energy can be transferred from one place to another by radiation, conduction, or convection.   Energy Conduction Heat Convection   P.EN.06.42 Illustrate how energy can be transferred while no energy is lost or gained in the transfer.   Energy Conduction Heat

	K-7 Standard P.CM: Develop an understanding of changes in the state of matter in terms of heating and cooling, and in terms of arrangement and relative motion of atoms and molecules. Understand the differences between physical and chemical changes. Develop an understanding of the conservation of mass. Develop an understanding of products and reactants in a chemical change. P.CM.E.1Changes in State- Matter changing from state to state can be explained by using models which show that matter is composed of tiny particles in motion. When changes of state occur, the atoms and/or molecules are not changed in structure. When the changes in state occur, mass is conserved because matter is not created or destroyed. Expectations   Vocabulary   Test Prep P.CM.06.11 Describe and illustrate changes in state, in terms of the arrangement and relative motion of the atoms or molecules.   Solid Liquid Gas Physical properties Motion States (phases)   P.CM.06.12 Explain how mass is conserved as it changes from state to state in a closed system.   Solid Liquid Gas Mass Physical properties States (phases)